Why Hydrogen is referred as Energy Carrier?

Hydrogen is often referred to as an energy carrier because it has the ability to store and transport energy in a versatile manner. Here's how hydrogen functions as an energy carrier:

1. Production: Hydrogen can be produced from various sources, including natural gas (via steam methane reforming), water (via electrolysis), and biomass. The method of production determines the environmental impact and sustainability of the hydrogen produced.

2. Storage: Hydrogen has a high energy density, making it an efficient means of storing energy. It can be stored in various forms, such as gaseous hydrogen, liquid hydrogen, or as a component of chemical compounds like ammonia.

3. Transportation: Hydrogen can be transported over long distances, similar to conventional fuels. It can be transported via pipelines, trucks, or ships, providing flexibility in distributing energy to different locations.

4. Conversion: Hydrogen can be converted back into electricity through different processes. The most common method is using fuel cells, where hydrogen reacts with oxygen to produce electricity, with water as the only byproduct. This makes fuel cells a clean and efficient technology for generating electricity.

5. Versatility: Hydrogen can be used in various applications, including power generation, transportation (hydrogen fuel cell vehicles), and industrial processes. Its versatility makes it suitable for a wide range of energy needs.

6. Reducing Emissions: When produced using renewable energy sources or low-carbon methods, hydrogen becomes a green or clean fuel. Its combustion or use in fuel cells produces only water vapor, contributing to efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and combat climate change.

The concept of hydrogen as an energy carrier is particularly significant in the context of transitioning to a more sustainable and low-carbon energy system. It can play a crucial role in storing and delivering energy from intermittent renewable sources, addressing challenges associated with energy storage and grid balancing. However, the widespread adoption of hydrogen as an energy carrier also depends on addressing technological, economic, and infrastructure challenges.